I’ve been studying Arm Aarch32 lately. I have a software development academic background but I have always been interested in Architecture.

Those are interesting analogies. I guess I’d have to agree they are certainly a function of programming whereas I probably should have specified programming languages (directed by text) but then one could argue that the examples you mentioned are merely a language of buttons and other user input. —"Sliding scale " indeed.

It’s not a logical programming language, but markup directs the formatting and general output of content to the screen. -Is that not a function of programming?