Suppose we have a large to-do task manager app with many features. Say we have an entity, which is the task, and it has certain fields like: title, description, deadline, sub-tasks, dependencies, etc. This entity is used in many parts of our codebase.
Suppose we decided to modify this entity, either by modifying, removing, or adding a field. We may have to change most if not all of the code that deals with this entity. How can we do this in a way that protects us from errors and makes maintenance easy?
Bear in mind, this is just an example. The entity may be something more low-key, such as a logged user event in analytics, or a backend API endpoint being used in the frontend, etc.
Potential Solutions
Searching
One way people do this already is by just searching the entity across the codebase. This is not scalable, and not always accurate. You may get a lot of false positives, and some parts of the code may use the entity without using it by name directly.
Importing
Defining the entity in one central place, and importing it everywhere it is used. This will create an error if a deleted field remains in use, but it will not help us when, say, adding a new field and making sure it is used properly everywhere the entity is being used
so what can be done to solve this? plus points if the approach is compatible with Functional Programming
Automated Tests and CICD
Tests can discover these types of issues with high accuracy and precision. The downside is… Well tests have to be written. This requires developers to be proactive, and writing and maintaining tests is non-trivial and needs expensive developer time. It is also quite easy and common to write bad tests that give false positives.
if a new field is added and not used in other places, compilation will fail
That’s if the field is added but never used. If it is used in some parts of the codebase, but not used / handled in others, compilation will pass. I would prefer that it doesn’t. I would prefer that if such a change were to occur, that every part of the codebase that uses that entity is explicitly addressed by the change made.
Again, if there’s anything you don’t understand, feel free to ask me directly. I do not get notifications when you reply to a comment that isn’t mine.
On thinking about this a bit more, I feel like you may be expecting the system to handle situations where your business requirement needs the new field to be used now, but used to work without this field before. Based on the example you provided, I am imagining something like a getTasksForUser functionality which previously might have just been filtering on userId but if the business now says that this functionality should now return tasks sorted by priority, you expect the system to somehow know the business requirement and force the developer to use this new priority field ?
If that’s what you’re hoping for, the problem is harder to solve although not impossible. Assuming the example as above , you could maybe just inject the priority field at the data access layer . Another way would be to make the modified entity private and expose a facade with helper functions that are exposed. Now when code that previously used to rely on the entity inevitably breaks , you can replace those usages with usage specific functions exposed from the facade and since the entity is now accessible only from the facade, you can easily update all usages within the facade and make sure no one can miss passing the priority field since the entity is private to the facade and all functions in the facade are known to use the new field.
It still doesn’t make sense. Obviously your whole explanation hinges very heavily on what exactly you mean when you say “not used/handled” . Depending on your specific use case this could mean anything. As with any code related question, there’s only so much that people who haven’t seen your code can do to help. I think the easiest way to avoid this confusion is to just show some code so we are all on the same page about what the issue is.
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That’s if the field is added but never used. If it is used in some parts of the codebase, but not used / handled in others, compilation will pass. I would prefer that it doesn’t. I would prefer that if such a change were to occur, that every part of the codebase that uses that entity is explicitly addressed by the change made.
Again, if there’s anything you don’t understand, feel free to ask me directly. I do not get notifications when you reply to a comment that isn’t mine.
On thinking about this a bit more, I feel like you may be expecting the system to handle situations where your business requirement needs the new field to be used now, but used to work without this field before. Based on the example you provided, I am imagining something like a getTasksForUser functionality which previously might have just been filtering on userId but if the business now says that this functionality should now return tasks sorted by priority, you expect the system to somehow know the business requirement and force the developer to use this new priority field ?
If that’s what you’re hoping for, the problem is harder to solve although not impossible. Assuming the example as above , you could maybe just inject the priority field at the data access layer . Another way would be to make the modified entity private and expose a facade with helper functions that are exposed. Now when code that previously used to rely on the entity inevitably breaks , you can replace those usages with usage specific functions exposed from the facade and since the entity is now accessible only from the facade, you can easily update all usages within the facade and make sure no one can miss passing the priority field since the entity is private to the facade and all functions in the facade are known to use the new field.
It still doesn’t make sense. Obviously your whole explanation hinges very heavily on what exactly you mean when you say “not used/handled” . Depending on your specific use case this could mean anything. As with any code related question, there’s only so much that people who haven’t seen your code can do to help. I think the easiest way to avoid this confusion is to just show some code so we are all on the same page about what the issue is.