You most likely won’t utilize these speeds in a home lab, but I understand why you want them. I do too. I settled for 2.5GBit because that was a sweet spot in terms of speed, cost and power draw. In total, I idle at about 60W for following systems:

• Lenovo M90q (i7 10700, 32GB, 3 x 1 TB SSD) running Proxmox, 15W idle
• Custom NAS (Ryzen 2400G, 16GB, 4x12TB HDD)v running Truenas (30W idle)
• Firewall (N5105, 8GB) running OPNsense (8W idle)
• FritzBox 6660 Cable, which functions as a glorified access point, 10W idle

I’d be very careful to publicly host Jellyfin. Although not necessarily true, it basically advertises that you’re pirating content while also giving out your IP. Even if you rip your own media, this can still be illegal. Please be careful.

Maybe you can put it behind some authentication or, even better, a VPN.

From what I found, Lemmy is much better in this regard. I’ve gotten lots of helpful answers here, so give it a go! There is also a ton of tutorials on YouTube, I recommend something like this for beginners.

From what I found, Lemmy is much better in this regard. I’ve gotten lots of helpful answers here, so give it a go! There is also a ton of tutorials on YouTube, I recommend something like this for beginners.

From what I found, Lemmy is much better in this regard. I’ve gotten lots of helpful answers here, so give it a go! There is also a ton of tutorials on YouTube, I recommend something like this for beginners.

Thank you for your offer, but these are too old for what I want to do with them. Cheers!

Proxmox eats consumer grade SSDs (at least that’s what people are talking about)

Good to know I’m not the only one!

Hej. I need all of that data. And those movies too. But yeah, seems to be the case. Weird, that people buy those drives, when 12tb aren’t that much more expensive. We’ll, but here I am but only because I had an old but okay 4TB drive lying around.

I’d be scared to be ripped off in a lot. Do they show drive stats before sale?

I’ve had great success with used drives so far, mind you I only buy slightly used with lots of remaining warranty… Saved me tons.

There is quite a price difference, at least here in Germany. It easily be double, if not more… I’d love to use SSDs, but can’t afford them right now

I didn’t even think to look at Amazon, but for 12TB, that is an okay to good price. Too bad the 4TB is inappropriately expensive…

Yeah, that seems to be the case. I’ll be on the lookout for official refurbished drives, thanks for your input!

Let me know if you need any help with that. I’m still a beginner, but have used the last few months to learn about cyber security. It can be a daunting subject, but if you get the basics right, you’re probably good. I also hosted without a care for years and was never hacked, but it can/will happen. Here are some pointers!

Get or use a firewall. Iptables, UFW and such are probably good enough. I myself use OPNsense. It can be integrated with Crowdsec, a popular intrusion prevention system. This can be quite a rabbit whole. In the end, you should be able to control who goes where in your network.

Restrict ssh access or don’t allow it at all via internet. Close port 22 and use a VPN, if needed. Don’t allow root access via Ssh, use sudo. Use keys and passphrase login for best security.

Update your stuff regularly. Weekly or bi-weekly, if you can.

Use two factor authentication, where possible. It can be a bit annoying, but improves things dramatically. Long passwords help to, I use random-word-other-word combinations.

If you haven’t, think of a backup strategy. 3 redundant copys on 2 media, one off site.

Cool idea. Just be aware, that there are a lot of shady people out there. I’m not sure I would publicly host services, which rely on tight security (like Vaultwarden). They will come and they will probe your system and it’s security!

You might also want to remove Dockge from Uptime Kuma, no need to broadcast that publicly.

Thanks, I’ll let you know, once/if I figure it out!

I did what you suggested and reduced (1) the number of running services to a minimum and (2) the networks traefik is a member of to a minmum. It didn’t change a thing. Then I opened a private browser window and saw much faster loading times. Great. I then set everything back and refreshed the private browser window: still fast. Okay. Guess it’s not Traefik after all. The final nail in the coffin for my theory: I uses two traefik instances. Homepage still loads its widgets left to right, top to bottom (the order from the yaml file). The order doesn’t correspond to the instances, it’s more or less random. So I’m assuming the slowdown has something to do with (a) either caching from traefik or (b) the way Homepage handels the API request: http://IP:PORT (fast) or https://subdomain.domain.de. Anyway, thanks for your help!

Thank you so much for your thorough answer, this is very much a topic that needs some reading/watching for me. I’ve checked and I already use all of those headers. So in the end, from a security standpoint, not even having port 80 open would be best. Then, no one could connect unencrypted. I’ll just have to drill into my family to just use HTTPS if they have any problems.

It was interesting to see, how the hole process between browser and server works, thanks for clearing that up for me!

I didn’t even know that you could have a whole dynamic config directory, I just use one file. I’m guessing I can just as well put it there? And the dummy service simply acts as a place holder?

Thank you for your answer. If I do that, can I still connect via HTTP and the browser will then redirect? I don’t think I have a problem with remembering HTTPs, but my family will…

That’s a great idea, I’ll give it a try tomorrow. The weird thing is, the webuis load just fine, at least 90+ of the time is almost instant…

Each service stack (e.g. media, iso downloading) has it’s own network and traefik is in each of those networks as well. It works and seperates the stacks from each other (i don’t want stack a to be able to access stack b, which would be the case with a single traefik network, I think.)

Awesome, I’m just getting into restic!

Great setup! Be careful with the SSD though, Proxmox likes to eat those for fun with all those small but numerous writes. A used, small capacity enterprise SSD can be had for cheap.

I tried this. Put a DNS override for Google.com for one but not the other Adguard instance. Then did a DNS lookup and the answer (ip) changed randomly form the correct one to the one I used for the override. I’m assuming the same goes for the scenario with the l public DNS as well. In any case, the response delay should be similar, since the local pi hole instance has to contact the upstream DNS server anyway.

I see, thanks for clearing that up.

Sounds like I’ll do just that, thanks. Should I move all public facing services to that DMZ or is it enough to just isolate Traefik?

Only Nextcloud if externally available so far, maybe I’ll add Vaultwarden in the future.

I would like to use a VPN, but my family is not tech literate enough for this to work reliably.

I want to protect these public facing services by using an isolated Traefik instance in conjunction with Cloudflare and Crowdsec.

Both public and local services. I have limited hardware for now, so I’m still using my ISP router as my WLAN AP. Not the best solution, I know, but it works and I can seperate my Home-WLAN from my Guest-WLAN easily.

I want to use an AP at some point in the future, but I’d also need a managed switch as well as the AP itself. Unfortunately, thats not in my budget for now.

Thank you so much for your kind words, very encouraging. I like to do some research along my tinkering, and I like to challenge myself. I don’t even work in the field, but I find it fascinating.

The ZTA is/was basically what I was aiming for. With all those replies, I’m not so sure if it is really needed. I have a NAS with my private files, a nextcloud with the same. The only really critical thing will be my Vaultwarden instance, to which I want to migrate from my current KeePass setup. And this got me thinking, on how to secure things properly.

I mostly found it easy to learn things when it comes to networking, if I disable all trafic and then watch the OPNsense logs. Oh, my PC uses this and this port to print on this interface. Cool, I’ll add that. My server needs access to the SMB port on my NAS, added. I followed this logic through, which in total got me around 25-30 firewall rules making heavy use of aliases and a handfull of floating rules.

My goal is to have the control for my networking on my OPNsense box. There, I can easily log in, watch the live log and figure out, what to allow and what not. And it’s damn satisfying to see things being blocked. No more unknown probes on my nextcloud instance (or much reduced).

The question I still haven’t answered to my satisfaction is, if I build a strict ZTA or fall back to a more relaxed approach like you outlined with your VMs. You seem knowledgable. What would you do, for a basic homelab setup (Nextcloud, Jellyfin, Vaultwarden and such)?

This sounds promising. If I understand correctly, you have a ton of networks declared in your proxy, each for one service. So if I have Traefik as my proxy, I’d create traefik-nextcloud, traefik-jellyfin, traefik-portainer as my networks, make them externally available and assign each service their respective network. Did I get that right?

I’ve read about those two destinctions but I am simply lacking the number of ports on my little firewall box. I still only allow access to management from my PC, nothing else - so I feel good enough here. This all is more a little project for me to tinker on, nothing serious.

You’re explanation with trust makes sense. I will simply keep my current setup but put different VMs on different VLANs. Then I can seperate my local services from my public services, as well as isolate any testing VMs.

I’ve read that one should use one proxy instance for local access and one for public services with internet access. Is it enough to just isolate that public proxy or must I also put the services behind that proxy into the DMZ?

Thank you for your good explantion.

Thanks for your input. Am I understanding right, that all devices in one VLAN can communicate with each other without going through a firewall? Is that best practice? I’ve read so many different opinions that it’s hard to see.

Ah, I did not know that. So I guess I will create several VLANs with different subnets. This works as I intended it, trafic coming from one VM has to go through OPNsense.

Now I just have to figure out, if I’m being to paranoid. Should I simply group several devices together (eg, 10=Servers, 20=PC, 30=IoT; this is what I see mostly being used) or should I sacrifice usability for a more fine grained segeration (each server gets its own VLAN). Seems overkill, now that I think about it.

Nevermind, I am an idiot. You’re comment gave me thought and so I checked my testing procedure again. Turns out that, completly by accident, everytime I copied files to the LVM-based NAS, I used the SSD on my PC as the source. In contrast, everytime I copied to the ZFS-based NAS, I used my hard driver as the source. I did that about 10 times. Everything is fine now. THANKS!

Both machines are easily capable of reaching around 2.2Gbps. I can’t reach full 2.5Gbps speed even with Iperf. I tried some tuning but that didn’t help, so its fine for now. I used iperf3 -c xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, nothing else.

The slowdown MUST be related to ZFS, since LVM as a storage base can reach the “full” 2.2Gbps when used as a smb share.

Its videos, pictures, music and other data as well. I’ll try playing around with compression today, see if disabeling helps at all. The CPU has 8C/16T and the container 2C/4T.

The disk is owned by to PVE host and then given to the container (not a VM) as a mount point. I could use PCIe passthrough, sure, but using a container seems to be the more efficient way.

I meant mega byte (I hope that’s correct I always mix them up). I transferred large videos files, both when the file system was zfs or lvm, yet different transfer speeds. The files were between 500mb to 1.5gb in size