Does anybody have experience with both systems enough to compare them?
I’m currently using ifupdown on my Debian server as that’s the default, but it seems that the modern way of managing the local network is via systemd-networkd so I’m contemplating putting the effort in to migrate.
Would those of you who have experience with it, recommend it?
In my short investigation, I have made the following observations:
using networkd means you can use networkctl to manually control the interfaces which is quite convenient
networkd aims to be fully declarative
networkd separates the creation of virtual interfaces (netdev files) from their configuration (network files)
networkd doesn’t support all networking features (e.g. namespaces)
networkd is systemd, but surprisingly I can’t find information on how to create other unit files that depend on the individual network files going up or down, other than networkd-dispatcher. I don’t like dispatcher because just like ifupdown it triggers all the scripts and you need if tests to exclude all interfaces you don’t need to be affected. I’d like to write unit files that can be targeted to activate and deactivate when a particular interface goes up or down.
networkd, other than via dispatcher, does not seem to support adding arbitrary commands to run like ifupdown supports via e.g. pre-down, post-up, etc.
Thanks for your reply! One thing I’m struggling with networkd is hysteresis. That is, toggling the interface down and then back up does not do what I expect it to. That is, setting the interface down does not clear up the configuration, and setting the interface up does not reconfigure the interface. I have to run reconfigure for that. I was hoping that the declarative approach of networkd would make it easy to predict interface state and configuration.
This does make sense because configuration is not the same as operational state. However, what would the equivalent of ifdown (set interface down and remove configuration) and ifup (set interface up and reconfigure) be using networkd and networkctl? This kind of feature would be useful for me to test config changes, debug networking issues, disconnect part of the network while I’m making some changes, etc.
I get your points and that’s a valid issue however, systemd-networkd is designed for more persistent configurations but you’ve a few options:
systemctl reload systemd-networkd and networkctl reload. Don’t forget that if you change units on the filesystem a systemctl daemon-reload is required before the previous commands.
networkctl commands such as reload, reconfigure, up, down and renew. Read more about them here.
Temporary / volatile runtime units: manually drop a config under /run/systemd/network/ it will apply until you reboot the machine.
Transient scope units: those are kind of supersede temporary units as they are managed through a D-Bus interface so 3rd party applications can manage systemd. They don’t seem to work right now for network, but this allows you to change unit options dynamically.
An interesting thing to consider is that in most cases you can have your network configurations in /etc/systemd/network but only bring them online when required. This for me seems to solve most cases, you’ve your network all configured and ready to go.
Thanks for this useful reply! I think I’ll just need to closely examine my setup and figure out if I really need the ability to up/down interfaces like I described or whether the more persistent approach of networkd is actually more suitable for me. Sometimes I just want to reproduce behaviour that I’ve used before, but may not actually need.
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Thanks for your reply! One thing I’m struggling with networkd is hysteresis. That is, toggling the interface down and then back up does not do what I expect it to. That is, setting the interface down does not clear up the configuration, and setting the interface up does not reconfigure the interface. I have to run reconfigure for that. I was hoping that the declarative approach of networkd would make it easy to predict interface state and configuration.
This does make sense because configuration is not the same as operational state. However, what would the equivalent of ifdown (set interface down and remove configuration) and ifup (set interface up and reconfigure) be using networkd and networkctl? This kind of feature would be useful for me to test config changes, debug networking issues, disconnect part of the network while I’m making some changes, etc.
I get your points and that’s a valid issue however,
systemd-networkdis designed for more persistent configurations but you’ve a few options:systemctl reload systemd-networkdandnetworkctl reload. Don’t forget that if you change units on the filesystem asystemctl daemon-reloadis required before the previous commands.networkctlcommands such asreload,reconfigure,up,downandrenew. Read more about them here.Temporary / volatile runtime units: manually drop a config under
/run/systemd/network/it will apply until you reboot the machine.Transient scope units: those are kind of supersede temporary units as they are managed through a D-Bus interface so 3rd party applications can manage systemd. They don’t seem to work right now for network, but this allows you to change unit options dynamically.
An interesting thing to consider is that in most cases you can have your network configurations in
/etc/systemd/networkbut only bring them online when required. This for me seems to solve most cases, you’ve your network all configured and ready to go.Thanks for this useful reply! I think I’ll just need to closely examine my setup and figure out if I really need the ability to up/down interfaces like I described or whether the more persistent approach of networkd is actually more suitable for me. Sometimes I just want to reproduce behaviour that I’ve used before, but may not actually need.
Well
networkctl up enXX+ pre-configured network files with the addresses and whatnot might be a suitable for your requirements.