I recently got a few (5) hard drives to turn my home server into a NAS with trueNAS scale and my idea is to have 4 usable and 1 for redundancy, my question is… How does RAID work, like what is RAID 0, RAID 5, software RAID etc, and does any of that even matter for my use case?
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That is a way too broad question to be answer here and also depends on the file-system truenas uses.
If I remember correctly it uses ZFS by default and you can easily find some articles explaining the different raid levels of OpenZFS online.
Edit: ZFS is not the same as other file-systems so not all of the general RAID info you can find online is 1:1 applicable for it (same with btrfs).