I often read suggestions to use something like Tailscale to create a tunnel between a home server and a VPS because it is allegedly safer than opening a port for WireGuard (WG) or Nginx on my router and connecting to my home network that way.
However, if my VPS is compromised, wouldn’t the attacker still be able to access my local network? How does using an extra layer (the VPS) make it safer?
I often read suggestions to use something like Tailscale (…) safer than opening a port for WireGuard (WG)
I guess someone is trying really hard to upsell Tailscale there. But anyways it all comes down to how you configure things, Tailscale might come with more sensible defaults and/or help inexperienced user to get things working in a safe way. It also makes it easier to deal with the dynamic address at home, reconnects and whatnot.
Specifically about Wireguard, don’t be afraid to expose its port because if someone tries to connect and they don’t authenticate with the right key the server will silently drop the packets. An attacker won’t even know there’s something listening on that port / it will be invisible to typical IP scans / will ignore any piece of traffic that isn’t properly encrypted with your keys.
f my VPS is compromised, wouldn’t the attacker still be able to access my local network? How does using an extra layer (the VPS) make it safer?
The extra layer does a couple of things, the most important might be hiding your home network IP address because your domains will resolve the VPS public IP and then the VPS will tunnel the traffic to your network. Since your home IP isn’t public nobody can DDoS your home network directly nor track your approximate location from the IP. Most VPS providers have some security checks on incoming traffic, like DDoS detection, automatically rate limit requests from some geographies and other security measures that your ISP doesn’t care about.
Besides that, it depends on how you setup things.
You should NOT have a WG tunnel from the home network to the VPS with fully unrestricted access to everything. There should be firewall rules in place, at your home router / local server side, to restrict what the VPS can access. First configure the router / local VPN peer to drop all incoming traffic from the VPN interface, then add exceptions as needed. Imagine you’re hosting a website on the local machine 10.0.0.50, incoming traffic from the VPN interface should only be allowed to reach 10.0.0.50 port 80 and nothing else. This makes it all much more secure then just blunt access to your network and if the VPN gets compromised you’ll still be mostly protected.
Yes, and to be fair the OP doesn’t even need to expose a port on his home network. He can do the opposite and have the port exposed on the VPS and have the local router / server connect to the VPS endpoint instead. This will also remove the issues caused by having dynamic IPs at home as well.
If OP is asking this question, he’s nowhere near knowledgeable enough to take on this risk.
Hell, I’ve been Cisco certified as an instructor since 1998 and I wouldn’t expose a port. Fuck that.
I could open a port today, and within minutes I’ll be getting hammered with port scans.
I did this about 10 years ago as a demonstration, and was immediately getting thousands of scans per second, eventually causing performance issues on the consumer-grade router.
You should NOT have a WG tunnel from the home network to the VPS with fully unrestricted access to everything.
This is what I came here to make sure was said. Use your firewall to severely restrict access from your public endpoint. Your wiregaurd tunnel is effectively a DMZ so firewall it off accordingly
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I guess someone is trying really hard to upsell Tailscale there. But anyways it all comes down to how you configure things, Tailscale might come with more sensible defaults and/or help inexperienced user to get things working in a safe way. It also makes it easier to deal with the dynamic address at home, reconnects and whatnot.
Specifically about Wireguard, don’t be afraid to expose its port because if someone tries to connect and they don’t authenticate with the right key the server will silently drop the packets. An attacker won’t even know there’s something listening on that port / it will be invisible to typical IP scans / will ignore any piece of traffic that isn’t properly encrypted with your keys.
The extra layer does a couple of things, the most important might be hiding your home network IP address because your domains will resolve the VPS public IP and then the VPS will tunnel the traffic to your network. Since your home IP isn’t public nobody can DDoS your home network directly nor track your approximate location from the IP. Most VPS providers have some security checks on incoming traffic, like DDoS detection, automatically rate limit requests from some geographies and other security measures that your ISP doesn’t care about.
Besides that, it depends on how you setup things.
You should NOT have a WG tunnel from the home network to the VPS with fully unrestricted access to everything. There should be firewall rules in place, at your home router / local server side, to restrict what the VPS can access. First configure the router / local VPN peer to drop all incoming traffic from the VPN interface, then add exceptions as needed. Imagine you’re hosting a website on the local machine 10.0.0.50, incoming traffic from the VPN interface should only be allowed to reach 10.0.0.50 port 80 and nothing else. This makes it all much more secure then just blunt access to your network and if the VPN gets compromised you’ll still be mostly protected.
I completely disagree with recommending exposing a port to someone who’s asking this very question about the relative risks.
If they lack the expertise to understand the risk differences, then they very much lack the expertise to securely expose a port.
How can you ever learn the risks of exposing ports if all answers are “if you don’t know you shouldn’t do it”?
The post explicitly recommends ONLY exposing the wireguard port, not 80/443/22 which one should usually not do anyways. Very different things!
Yes, and to be fair the OP doesn’t even need to expose a port on his home network. He can do the opposite and have the port exposed on the VPS and have the local router / server connect to the VPS endpoint instead. This will also remove the issues caused by having dynamic IPs at home as well.
And that’s a different animal (moving the goalposts, which is an excellent idea, but OP didn’t even think of doing this).
OP asked about exposing a local port, which is a Bad Idea 99.9% of the time, especially for someone asking why it’s a risk.
Using a VPS with reverse proxy is an excellent approach to adding a layer between the real resource and the public internet.
By learning before you take on the risk.
It’s not like this isn’t well documented.
If OP is asking this question, he’s nowhere near knowledgeable enough to take on this risk.
Hell, I’ve been Cisco certified as an instructor since 1998 and I wouldn’t expose a port. Fuck that.
I could open a port today, and within minutes I’ll be getting hammered with port scans.
I did this about 10 years ago as a demonstration, and was immediately getting thousands of scans per second, eventually causing performance issues on the consumer-grade router.
This is what I came here to make sure was said. Use your firewall to severely restrict access from your public endpoint. Your wiregaurd tunnel is effectively a DMZ so firewall it off accordingly