In 1984, this issue made it all the way to the US Supreme Court, which ultimately decided that recording television to tape using a VCR for personal use (“timeshifting”) is fair use: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sony_Corp._of_America_v._Universal_City_Studios,_Inc.
I self-host https://miniflux.app/ and it has been working great for my needs.
This is what I use, will work with any filesystem (it writes hashes in hidden/dot files) and on any OS as long as Python is available: https://pypi.org/project/chkbit/
It runs ahead of my nightly backup. If it fails, the backup won’t proceed.
Edit: Because the script relies on hashing files, it uses tons of both disk IO and CPU when it runs, but the tradeoff is worthwhile to me.
Nightly automated runs of the chkbit script is the only thing that alerted me to the fact that either the SSD or storage controller in my Mac Mini had issues and was corrupting data. I was very thankful to have already had the automation in place for that exact scenario.
It theoretically shouldn’t be necessary for filesystems that have built-in checksumming.
The Wikipedia article has these relevant quotes from the court opinion: