I have a Jellyfin instance on my local server which I forward to the public web via a cloudflare tunnel. I’m not sure how secure it is, and I keep getting random requests from all over the world. It’s my first experience maintaining something on a public domain so I may be worrying about something obvious, but some advice would still be appreciated.
Obsfucation can help stimey scripts. I saw using a non-standard port mentioned.
You can also setup a reverse proxy to deliver a different, empty site to a different dns entry by default. Use either a completely separate (as opposed to multidomain) cert for each, or a wildcard cert.
Jellyfin also supports using a custom path, instead of delivering at the root. Your reverse proxy would need to be configured accordingly.
You can reduce doorknob turning dramatically by running on a non-standard port.
Scanners love 80 and 443, and they really love 20, but not so much 4263.
I used to run a landing page on my domain with buttons to either the request system / jellyfin viva la reverse proxy. If you’re paranoid about it, tie nginx to a waf. If you’re extra paranoid, you’ll need some kind of vpn / ip allow-listing
Any time I’ve ever had a server of any kind connected to the net it’s gotten endless ‘doorknob turning’ from bots scanning for stuff. At the very least, bots trying ssh passwords on common accounts.
I don’t have any specific jellyfin advice, but random attempts from all over is pretty usual on the net these days.
That will always happen with something exposed to internet. Attackers scan every IP and domain they can looking for vulnerabilities to exploit. There’s software you can put in place to block requests that look like exploit attempts. Cloudfare WAF is one example. But those are mitigations only and not perfectly effective. Beyond that there’s not much you can do. Always make sure anything you expose to the internet is configured securely and kept up to date. If it makes you uncomfortable, reconsider exposing it like that.
bots will start hitting a brand new subdomain on my web server literally seconds after creating it. looking for exploitable scripts like wordpress, usually.
Wildcard SSL subjects make sense as the certificate is public. But how does wildcard DNS help? They aren’t public other than the requests coming from the client which don’t use wildcard anyway.
Being up to date is VERY important. There’s a bunch of sites out there that scan the entire internet endlessly and keep information about each IP up to date. For example go here and search your IP.
When a vulnerability is found, attackers will go to sites like these and look for anything to hack. If you don’t update more or less immediately, you’re at huge risk.
Other then that, everyone else is right. Being available to the public means you’re going to have bots scanning you and sending random trash. The only thing you can do is try and block it (fail2ban) or limit it (block certain countries) but at the end of the day its the software that gets the packets (jellyfin) that you need to trust to be secure and discard random junk.
I‘d only access my jellyfin through a VPN like WireGuard. As a plus, you can route your DNS calls to your DNS server in your home network (like AdGuard) and have always most ads blocked in any app even on iOS.
😳what??
Why would AA not work with VPN?!
What a deal break, lol, I guess I’ll keep my iPhone X in the car for CarPlay after switching to a new (maybe not apple) phone in that case
Wired works but because wireless AA needs to use WiFi the VPN blocks the communication. It only works with VPN providers that allow split tunnels which the one I use does not. I use unifi one click VPN which is subscription free.
Ah, I see, I guess WireGuard would be able to handle this, in that case, since you can choose which IPs go through the tunnel and which not. But honestly, I always plug my phone into the car by cable.
Yeah I am using unifi I might have to switch my client if I can figure out how to connect to my existing wire guard setup that I have on my dream machine.
What about mTLS? Since you are already on Cloudflare, you might consider their client cert feature, which blocks all incoming traffic without the cert. However, you do have to manage it and set it up on all your devices.
It’s just bots, they scan IP address and open ports looking for vulnerabilities. I remember my first experience with this putting my first game server online for a game I was making, thinking to my self “who the fuck are these people trying to connect to my game? How did they even have it”. It’s nothing to worry about unless you have lack of or poor authentication.
VPN drains my phone battery like crazy, plus eventually I’d like to be able to share my services with some less technical people, and want to keep the barrier to entry low for them, so I’ve been looking at what I’d want in order to be comfortable exposing services publicly.
Services are running on Truenas Scale (k3s).
What I’ve been thinking is:
Isolate services’ network access to each other and to my local network.
Reverse proxy in front of all services (probably Caddy)
Coraza as a WAF
Crowdsec Caddy module
Some sort of auth layer in the proxy, like oauth2-proxy (kind of tricky because not every service would work well with this, especially without client support). Probably would start with a 3rd party identity provider rather than rolling my own, especially since 3rd party will probably do a lot more monitoring around logins, patterns, etc.
Thinking of hosting the reverse proxy piece on a VPS. Probably not completely necessary because I don’t think hiding my home IP really buys me much security, but Caddy might be easier to configure on the VPS compared to Truenas (though I guess I could run it in a VM on Truenas).
Each app could run a wireguard sidecar to connect it to the VPS.
Curious what others think about this setup, or if the recommendation is still to keep things behind a VPN.
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Obsfucation can help stimey scripts. I saw using a non-standard port mentioned.
You can also setup a reverse proxy to deliver a different, empty site to a different dns entry by default. Use either a completely separate (as opposed to multidomain) cert for each, or a wildcard cert.
Jellyfin also supports using a custom path, instead of delivering at the root. Your reverse proxy would need to be configured accordingly.
You can reduce doorknob turning dramatically by running on a non-standard port.
Scanners love 80 and 443, and they really love 20, but not so much 4263.
I used to run a landing page on my domain with buttons to either the request system / jellyfin viva la reverse proxy. If you’re paranoid about it, tie nginx to a waf. If you’re extra paranoid, you’ll need some kind of vpn / ip allow-listing
Any time I’ve ever had a server of any kind connected to the net it’s gotten endless ‘doorknob turning’ from bots scanning for stuff. At the very least, bots trying ssh passwords on common accounts.
I don’t have any specific jellyfin advice, but random attempts from all over is pretty usual on the net these days.
removed by mod
“wHAt aRe yOu 12”
Be less of a cock. Everyone was 12 once.
Not me, I went from 11 to 30 :(
Dude are you thinking for a fraction of second before writing your comment or just typing some random insults for the sake of insulting random people?
Why would he say these days if he were 12? The situation woul’ve been the same for his whole life.
Mean but admining a public endpoint without this even crossing your mind is a good way to out how green you are
That will always happen with something exposed to internet. Attackers scan every IP and domain they can looking for vulnerabilities to exploit. There’s software you can put in place to block requests that look like exploit attempts. Cloudfare WAF is one example. But those are mitigations only and not perfectly effective. Beyond that there’s not much you can do. Always make sure anything you expose to the internet is configured securely and kept up to date. If it makes you uncomfortable, reconsider exposing it like that.
bots will start hitting a brand new subdomain on my web server literally seconds after creating it. looking for exploitable scripts like wordpress, usually.
You can avoid these scans by only using wildcards on your DNS entries and SSL certificates.
Both of these are commonly used by bots to find new domains.
Wildcard SSL subjects make sense as the certificate is public. But how does wildcard DNS help? They aren’t public other than the requests coming from the client which don’t use wildcard anyway.
I would not depend on DNS records being private. On the off chance that one of the nameservers messes up, I would prefer if no subdomains are leaked.
But you’re correct, most of the time those leaks happen somewhere else.
Fail2ban works if they don’t have infinite IP addresses
Thanks, that helped!
It sounds like you made your Jellyfin server public-facing, which is probably not what you want, even though it is supposed to be secured.
I recommend that you setup access through an exclusive and private connection of some kind. E.g: VPN, Tailscale, ZeroTier.
Thanks! No, that’s exactly what I wanted to do :) I was just wondering if it’s okay to have this many random requests, which seems to be fine.
Understood. Any public-facing server will be bombarded by bots. You need to deploy measures to avoid being hacked:
Obviously, there are many other security steps that can be put in place, but firewall and ssh hardening are absolutely mandatory
Thank you, these are great tips!
Being up to date is VERY important. There’s a bunch of sites out there that scan the entire internet endlessly and keep information about each IP up to date. For example go here and search your IP.
https://search.censys.io/
When a vulnerability is found, attackers will go to sites like these and look for anything to hack. If you don’t update more or less immediately, you’re at huge risk.
Other then that, everyone else is right. Being available to the public means you’re going to have bots scanning you and sending random trash. The only thing you can do is try and block it (fail2ban) or limit it (block certain countries) but at the end of the day its the software that gets the packets (jellyfin) that you need to trust to be secure and discard random junk.
I‘d only access my jellyfin through a VPN like WireGuard. As a plus, you can route your DNS calls to your DNS server in your home network (like AdGuard) and have always most ads blocked in any app even on iOS.
If I didn’t use wireless android auto I would totally use a VPN at all times but the fact AA refuses to connect with wireless AA with a VPN sucks.
😳what?? Why would AA not work with VPN?! What a deal break, lol, I guess I’ll keep my iPhone X in the car for CarPlay after switching to a new (maybe not apple) phone in that case
Wired works but because wireless AA needs to use WiFi the VPN blocks the communication. It only works with VPN providers that allow split tunnels which the one I use does not. I use unifi one click VPN which is subscription free.
Ah, I see, I guess WireGuard would be able to handle this, in that case, since you can choose which IPs go through the tunnel and which not. But honestly, I always plug my phone into the car by cable.
You can exclude AA from VPN, at least with Wireguard.
Yeah I am using unifi I might have to switch my client if I can figure out how to connect to my existing wire guard setup that I have on my dream machine.
What about mTLS? Since you are already on Cloudflare, you might consider their client cert feature, which blocks all incoming traffic without the cert. However, you do have to manage it and set it up on all your devices.
It’s just bots, they scan IP address and open ports looking for vulnerabilities. I remember my first experience with this putting my first game server online for a game I was making, thinking to my self “who the fuck are these people trying to connect to my game? How did they even have it”. It’s nothing to worry about unless you have lack of or poor authentication.
VPN drains my phone battery like crazy, plus eventually I’d like to be able to share my services with some less technical people, and want to keep the barrier to entry low for them, so I’ve been looking at what I’d want in order to be comfortable exposing services publicly.
Services are running on Truenas Scale (k3s).
What I’ve been thinking is:
Thinking of hosting the reverse proxy piece on a VPS. Probably not completely necessary because I don’t think hiding my home IP really buys me much security, but Caddy might be easier to configure on the VPS compared to Truenas (though I guess I could run it in a VM on Truenas).
Each app could run a wireguard sidecar to connect it to the VPS.
Curious what others think about this setup, or if the recommendation is still to keep things behind a VPN.
Can you run fail2ban with Cloudflare tunnels?